Additionally, the research focuses on photo and electrocatalysis for water splitting and hydrocarbon synthesis from CO2 reduction. By leveraging the unique properties of water upon interaction with multiscale porous solids, this area aims for emerging energy-related applications like scalable electrode materials for all-water supercapacitors and batteries, ultra-low friction hydrovoltaic materials harvesting energy from low-grade waste heat, as well as hierarchical porous electrodes for vastly improved water splitting and CO₂ capture.