Ann-Kathrin Lange, M.Sc.

Address

Hamburg University of Technology
Institute of Maritime Logistics
Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 4 (D)
21073 Hamburg

 

Contact Details

Office: building D room 5.007
Phone: +49 40 42878 4694
E-Mail: ann-kathrin.lange(at)tuhh.de
ORCiD: 0000-0002-1503-1729



Research Focus

  • Port Drayage and Hinterland Transports
  • Container Terminals
  • Truck Appointment Systems
  • Discrete Event Simulation
  • Business Process Modeling and Optimization


Publications (Excerpt)

2025

[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2024

[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2023

[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2022

[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2021
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2020
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2019
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2018
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2017
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2015
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.

2014
[192067]
Title: RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight. <em>Advances in Production Management Systems. Cyber-Physical-Human Production Systems: Human-AI Collaboration and Beyond</em>
Written by: Hasslan, Synnove Sunne and Alieksieiev, Volodymyr and Beigpoor Shahrivar, Rafat and Lange, Ann-Kathrin and Haavardtun, Per and Steger-Jensen, Kenn
in: (2025).
Volume: <strong>769</strong>. Number:
on pages: 264-278
Chapter:
Editor: In Mizuyama, Hajime and Morinaga, Eiji and Nonaka, Tomomi and Kaihara, Toshiya and von Cieminski, Gregor and Romero, David (Eds.)
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland:
Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Address: Cham
Edition:
ISBN: 978-3-032-03549-3
how published:
Organization:
School:
Institution:
Type:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03550-9{\textunderscore }18
URL:
ARXIVID:
PMID:

Note:

Abstract: This paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.