Magneto-Mechanical Resonators

In an idealized form, MMRs consist of two permanent magnets: a stator firmly connected to the housing and a rotator that can rotate axially with one degree of freedom. The interaction between the two magnets is governed by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. In a state of equilibrium, the magnets are aligned antiparallel, and they attract each other. The presence of a filament serves to maintain a specific distance between the magnets. An external magnetic field can be utilized to perturb the system out of a state of equilibrium, into which the system reverts through a damped oscillatory motion, the oscillation frequency of which is determined by the spatial separation between the magnets.

The minimally invasive approach has revolutionized surgical care by significantly reducing postoperative pain, recovery time, and hospital stay durations while improving cosmetic outcomes and overall cost-effectiveness. Society benefits from lower healthcare costs due to patients' quick recovery, fewer inpatient procedures, and reduced complications. Image-guided minimally invasive procedures are pivotal, especially in endovascular interventions by cardiologists and vascular surgeons, where precise navigation using guidewires and catheters is crucial. Traditional X-ray imaging, however, exposes patients and staff to radiation. A recently developed passive, wireless sensor, known as a magneto-mechanical resonator (MMR), offers a novel method for continuous position and orientation determination without radiation while also capturing physiological data. These submillimeter-sized permanent magnets can be integrated into medical instruments or used as passive implants for monitoring chemical properties and chronic diseases like diabetes. The MMR technology's low complexity and scalability make it economically appealing, especially in developing countries with limited access to vascular interventions.

Our research group focuses on several key areas related to MMR technology: first, we conduct fundamental research to deepen the understanding of MMR technology itself. Secondly, we are developing spectroscopic methods for high-precision characterization and analysis of the sensors. Thirdly, we work on the development of inductively coupled sensing devices for the readout and manipulation of MMRs, alongside control methods for these resonators. Lastly, we are advancing the development of tracking and sensing methods to enhance the functionality and applicability of MMR technology in various medical and technological contexts.

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Publications

[192056]
Title: Wireless and passive pressure detection using magneto-mechanical resonances in process engineering.
Written by: T. Merbach, F. Kexel, J. Faltinath, M. Möddel, M. Schlüter, T. Knopp, F. Mohn
in: <em>Measurement Science and Technology</em>. aug (2025).
Volume: <strong>36</strong>. Number: (8),
on pages: 085109
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DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/adf2c8
URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/adf2c8
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Note: article, mmr

Abstract: A custom-developed magneto-mechanical resonator (MMR) for wireless pressure measurement is investigated for potential applications in process engineering. The MMR sensor utilises changes in the resonance frequency caused by pressure on a flexible 3D printed membrane. The thickness of the printed membrane plays a crucial role in determining the performance and sensitivity of MMRs and can be tailored to meet the requirements of specific applications. The study includes static and dynamic measurements to determine the pressure sensitivity and temporal resolution of the sensor. The results show a minimum sensitivity of and are in agreement with theoretical calculations and measurements. The maximum sensor readout frequency is 2 Hz in this study. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the sensor is investigated, revealing a significant dependence of the resonance frequency on temperature. The developed MMR offers a promising and versatile method for precise pressure measurements in process engineering environments.